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Bernardo López de Mendizábal
Bernardo López de Mendizábal (1620–September 16, 1664) was a Spanish politician, soldier and religious, native of modern Mexico, who served as governor of New Mexico between 1659–1660 and as alcalde mayor (or royal administrator), in Guayacocotla (on the Sierra Madre Oriental, northeast of Mexico City). Among other Lopez's dictates as governor of New Mexico, he prohibited to the Franciscan priests to force the Native Americans to work if they are not paid a salary and he recognized the right of the Native Americans to practice their religion. He also permitted the Pueblos Native Americans to perform their religious dances (thus endorsing religious practices that had been prohibited for 30 years). These facts caused disagreements with the Franciscans missionaries of New Mexico in their dealings with the Native Americans. He was condemned to prison for the Inquisition due to 33 counts of malfeasance and the practice of Judaism in 1660, without having ended his administration. So, he was replaced this year in his government and was arrested in 1663.
== Early years ==
López de Mendizábal was born about 1620〔("De Mendizábal, Bernardo López". ) New Mexico Office of the State Historian. Posted by Richard Flint and Shirley Cushing Flint. Retrieved June 24, 2012, to 14:46 pm.〕 in the town of Chietla, in Puebla (present Mexico).〔〔Trigg, Heather Bethany (2005). (From Household to Empire: Society and Economy in Early Colonial New Mexico ). The University of Arizona Press. Page 197.〕 His father, Cristóbal López de Mendizábal,〔Simmons, Marc; Esquivel, José (2012). (Juan Domínguez de Mendoza: Soldier and Frontiersman of the Spanish Southwest: 1627-1693 ). University of New Mexico Press. Chapter: "Notes".〕 was a Basque〔 captain〔 and legal representative,〔 while his mother, Leonor Pastrana, was a granddaughter of Jew Juan Nunez de Leon (who was prosecuted for the inquisition, having been accused of secretly practicing the Jew religion).〔 The marriage had a hacienda in Chietla. Bernardo's family was formed for imperial functionaries.〔 López also had a brother: Gregorio López de Mendizábal.〔 López studied arts and canon law〔Andrew, L. Knaut (1995). (The Pueblo Revolt of 1680: Conquest and Resistance in Seventeenth-Century New Mexico ). The University of Oklahoma Press. Pages 102 and 103.〕 in Jesuit college at Puebla,〔〔〔 but finished his study at the university in Mexico City.〔〔 Mendizábal also joined the Spanish Army, where he served in the "Galleon de la Armada" and was stationed for a time period in the Presidio of Cartagena de Indias (in the modern Colombia).〔 López occupied many government charges in Nueva Granada, Cuba, and New Spain, while bureaucratically amounted. López was also alcalde mayor, or royal administrator, in Guayacocotla, on the Sierra Madre Oriental, northeast of Mexico City.〔
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